Txoj kev yooj yim ntawm kev kho dej khib nyiab yog siv ntau yam kev siv los cais, tshem tawm thiab rov ua dua cov pa phem uas muaj nyob hauv cov dej phwj tuaj thiab cov dej khib nyiab, lossis hloov mus rau hauv cov khoom tsis zoo los ntxuav cov dej.
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los kho cov dej phwj tuaj, uas feem ntau tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub pawg, xws li kev kho mob lom neeg, kev kho lub cev, kev kho tshuaj thiab kev kho ntuj.
1. Kev kho mob lom
Los ntawm cov metabolism hauv cov kab mob, cov organic pollutants nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem, colloids thiab nplua suspensions nyob rau hauv cov dej khib nyiab tau hloov mus rau hauv cov khoom ruaj khov thiab tsis muaj teeb meem. Raws li cov kab mob sib txawv, kev kho mob lom neeg tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: kev kho aerobic lom thiab kev kho anaerobic lom.
Txoj kev kho aerobic lom yog siv dav hauv kev kho cov dej khib nyiab. Raws li cov txheej txheem sib txawv, txoj kev kho mob aerobic lom tau muab faib ua ob hom: activated sludge method thiab biofilm method. Activated sludge txheej txheem nws tus kheej yog chav kho mob, nws muaj ntau hom kev ua haujlwm. Cov cuab yeej kho mob ntawm txoj kev biofilm suav nrog biofilter, biological turntable, lom neeg sib cuag oxidation tank thiab biological fluidized txaj, thiab lwm yam. Cov txheej txheem biological oxidation pas dej kuj hu ua txoj kev kho mob lom neeg. Kev kho mob anaerobic, tseem hu ua kev kho mob txo qis, feem ntau yog siv los kho cov dej khib nyiab siab thiab cov sludge.
2. Kev kho lub cev
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib cais thiab rov ua kom cov kuab paug tsis huv (suav nrog cov roj zaj duab xis thiab cov roj tee) hauv cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm lub cev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem muab faib rau hauv txoj kev sib cais ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, txoj kev sib cais centrifugal thiab txoj kev tuav lub sieve. Cov chav kho mob uas koom nrog txoj kev sib cais ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus muaj xws li sedimentation, floating (air flotation), thiab lwm yam, thiab cov khoom siv kho mob sib xws yog grit chamber, sedimentation tank, grease trap, air flotation tank thiab nws cov khoom pabcuam, thiab lwm yam. centrifugal sib cais nws tus kheej yog ib hom kev kho mob, cov khoom siv ua haujlwm suav nrog centrifuge thiab hydrocyclone, thiab lwm yam.; Txoj kev tuav lub vijtsam muaj ob txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm: daim phiaj screen tuav thiab pom. Cov qub siv cov kab sib chaws thiab cov ntxaij vab tshaus, thaum yav tas los siv cov xuab zeb lim thiab cov lim dej microporous, thiab lwm yam. Txoj kev kho mob raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib pauv cua sov kuj yog ib txoj kev kho lub cev, thiab nws cov chav kho mob muaj xws li evaporation thiab crystallization.
3. Tshuaj kho mob
Ib txoj kev kho dej khib nyiab uas sib cais thiab tshem tawm cov kuab paug thiab cov colloidal cov pa phem hauv cov dej khib nyiab los yog hloov lawv mus rau hauv cov khoom tsis zoo los ntawm kev siv tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev hloov loj. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev kho tshuaj, cov txheej txheem ua raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm koob tshuaj yog: coagulation, neutralization, redox, thiab lwm yam.; Thaum cov txheej txheem ua raws li kev hloov pauv loj yog: rho tawm, stripping, stripping, adsorption, ion pauv, electrodialysis thiab thim rov qab osmosis, thiab lwm yam. Ob chav ua haujlwm tom kawg yog sib sau ua ke hu ua membrane sib cais tshuab. Ntawm lawv, chav kho mob siv cov kev hloov pauv loj muaj ob qho tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, yog li nws tuaj yeem raug cais tawm ntawm txoj kev kho tshuaj thiab dhau los ua lwm hom kev kho mob, hu ua chemical method.
duab
Cov txheej txheem dej phwj tuaj
1. Degreasing dej khib nyiab
Cov ntsuas cov pa phem xws li cov ntsiab lus roj, CODcr thiab BOD5 hauv cov kua dej degreasing yog siab heev. Cov kev kho mob muaj xws li acid extraction, centrifugation los yog hnyav extraction. Txoj kev tshem tawm cov kua qaub yog siv dav, ntxiv H2SO4 los kho tus nqi pH rau 3-4 rau demulsification, steaming thiab nplawm nrog ntsev, thiab sawv ntawm 45-60 t rau 2-4 h, cov roj maj mam ntab mus rau hauv cov roj. txheej. Cov roj rov qab tuaj yeem ncav cuag 96%, thiab tshem tawm CODcr ntau dua 92%. Feem ntau, qhov loj ntawm cov roj hauv cov dej nkag yog 8-10g / L, thiab qhov loj ntawm cov roj hauv qhov hluav taws xob yog tsawg dua 0.1 g / L. Cov roj rov qab tau ua tiav ntxiv thiab hloov mus rau hauv cov roj ntsha sib xyaw uas tuaj yeem siv los ua xab npum.
2. Liming thiab cov plaub hau tshem tawm cov dej khib nyiab
Liming thiab cov plaub hau tshem tawm cov dej khib nyiab muaj cov protein, txiv qaub, sodium sulfide, tshem tawm cov khib nyiab, 28% ntawm tag nrho CODcr, 92% ntawm tag nrho S2-, thiab 75% ntawm tag nrho SS. Cov kev kho mob muaj xws li acidification, tshuaj los nag thiab oxidation.
Txoj kev acidification feem ntau yog siv hauv kev tsim khoom. Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov tsis zoo siab, ntxiv H2SO4 los kho tus nqi pH rau 4-4.5, tsim H2S roj, nqus nws nrog NaOH tov, thiab tsim sulfurized alkali rau rov siv dua. Soluble protein precipitated nyob rau hauv cov dej khib nyiab yog lim, ntxuav, thiab qhuav. ua ib yam khoom. Qhov kev tshem tawm sulfide tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 90%, thiab CODcr thiab SS raug txo los ntawm 85% thiab 95% feem. Nws cov nqi qis, kev lag luam ntau lawm yog yooj yim, yooj yim los tswj, thiab lub voj voog ntau lawm yog luv.
3. Chrome tanning dej khib nyiab
Cov pa phem tseem ceeb ntawm chrome tanning cov dej khib nyiab yog cov hlau hnyav Cr3 +, qhov loj ntawm qhov hnyav yog li 3-4g / L, thiab pH tus nqi tsis muaj zog acidic. Cov kev kho mob muaj xws li alkali nag lossis daus thiab direct recycling. 90% ntawm cov tanneries hauv tsev siv alkali los nag txoj kev, ntxiv txiv qaub, sodium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, thiab lwm yam. kom pov tseg chromium kua, reacting thiab dehydrating kom tau chromium-muaj sludge, uas yuav rov qab siv tau nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tanning tom qab tau yaj nyob rau hauv sulfuric acid. .
Thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tus nqi pH yog 8.2-8.5, thiab nag lossis daus yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm 40 ° C. Lub alkali precipitant yog magnesium oxide, chromium rov qab tus nqi yog 99%, thiab qhov loj ntawm chromium nyob rau hauv cov kua dej yog tsawg dua 1 mg / L. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev no yog tsim rau cov tanneries loj, thiab impurities xws li cov roj soluble thiab cov protein nyob hauv cov av nkos chrome rov ua dua yuav cuam tshuam rau cov nyhuv tanning.
4. Cov dej khib nyiab dav
4.1. Pretreatment system: Nws feem ntau suav nrog cov chaw kho mob xws li grille, tswj lub tank, sedimentation tank thiab cua flotation tank. Qhov concentration ntawm cov organic teeb meem thiab tshem tawm cov khib nyiab hauv tannery khib nyiab yog siab. Pretreatment system yog siv los kho cov dej ntim thiab dej zoo; tshem tawm SS thiab tshem tawm cov khib nyiab; txo ib feem ntawm cov pa phem load thiab tsim cov kev mob zoo rau kev kho mob lom tom ntej.
4.2. Kev kho kab mob lom: ρ (CODcr) ntawm cov dej khib nyiab tannery feem ntau yog 3000-4000 mg / L, ρ (BOD5) yog 1000-2000mg / L, uas belongs rau high-concentration organic wastewater, m (BOD5) / m (CODcr) tus nqi Nws yog 0.3-0.6, uas yog haum rau kev kho mob lom. Tam sim no, oxidation ditch, SBR thiab lom oxidation yog siv dav hauv Suav teb, thaum lub dav hlau aeration, batch biofilm reactor (SBBR), fluidized txaj thiab upflow anaerobic sludge txaj (UASB).
Post lub sij hawm: Jan-17-2023
